#2-34E. Sjögren Syndrome No More: The Official Transition to Sjögren Disease (Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2025)

Have you ever considered whether the term "Sjögren syndrome" accurately reflects the severity and distinct pathogenesis of this systemic autoimmune condition? This week, we analyze the 2023 International Rome Consensus, a landmark effort involving 79 professionals and 1,431 patient representatives, developed via a systematic literature review and a Delphi consensus process, to standardize nomenclature. The consensus acknowledges that the term 'syndrome' is unsatisfactory and fails to convey the disease's serious morbidity. The most significant outcome is the formal recommendation to replace 'Sjögren syndrome' with 'Sjögren disease' (SjD), alongside adopting 'associated' in lieu of 'secondary' for cases co-occurring with a second systemic autoimmune disease. This shift is crucial as it accurately reflects the disease's identity and aims to improve clarity in international practice and research, as well as patient recognition. However, a key point for critical appraisal is that the consensus did not explicitly address the specific clinical value of differentiating between primary and associated SjD for guiding individual therapeutic choices or attributing specific systemic features. Nevertheless, adopting SjD is essential for streamlining international practice and maintaining homogeneous populations in future scientific studies.

Citation: Ramos-Casals M, Baer AN, Brito-Zerón MP, et al. 2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sjögren disease. nature reviews rheumatology. 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41584-025-01268-z

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